## 5.7x28mm vs 9mm: Choosing the Right Round for You
Choosing the right ammunition is crucial for any firearm enthusiast, whether for self-defense, target shooting, or competitive sports. Among the myriad of options available, the 5.7x28mm and 9mm rounds stand out as popular choices, each with its own set of strengths and weaknesses. This comprehensive guide delves deep into the 5.7x28mm vs 9mm debate, providing an expert analysis to help you make an informed decision. We’ll explore their ballistics, performance, applications, and more, ensuring you understand which round best suits your needs. This isn’t just a comparison; it’s a roadmap to selecting the right ammunition for your specific requirements.
### Understanding the Cartridges: A Deep Dive
Before diving into the direct comparison, let’s establish a solid understanding of each cartridge individually. We’ll cover their origins, design, and intended purpose.
#### The 5.7x28mm Cartridge
The 5.7x28mm cartridge was developed by FN Herstal in the late 1980s and early 1990s, primarily for use in the FN P90 personal defense weapon (PDW) and the FN Five-seveN pistol. Its design was driven by the need for a cartridge that could offer greater range, accuracy, and penetration than traditional pistol rounds, while still being controllable in a lightweight firearm. The 5.7x28mm is characterized by its small diameter, bottlenecked shape, and high velocity. It typically uses a lightweight, armor-piercing projectile.
* **Origins and Design:** Created by FN Herstal for military and law enforcement applications.
* **Key Features:** Small caliber, bottlenecked design, high velocity.
* **Common Uses:** PDWs, pistols, specialized military applications.
The 5.7x28mm was conceived as a cartridge that could bridge the gap between pistol and rifle rounds, offering advantages in both areas. Its high velocity and flat trajectory make it effective at longer ranges compared to typical pistol rounds, while its relatively small size and low recoil allow for greater controllability in close-quarters combat scenarios. The cartridge’s design also contributes to its ability to penetrate soft body armor, a critical requirement for modern military and law enforcement operations. The small diameter bullet reduces over-penetration, decreasing risk of collateral damage.
#### The 9mm Cartridge
The 9mm Luger, also known as the 9x19mm Parabellum, is one of the most widely used pistol cartridges in the world. Developed by Georg Luger in 1901, it has been adopted by countless military, law enforcement, and civilian users due to its versatility, effectiveness, and affordability. The 9mm is a rimless, tapered cartridge that typically uses a heavier bullet than the 5.7x28mm, offering a balance of stopping power and manageable recoil.
* **Origins and Design:** Developed by Georg Luger in 1901, now the most popular pistol caliber.
* **Key Features:** Rimless, tapered design, balance of power and recoil.
* **Common Uses:** Pistols, submachine guns, widely adopted by military, law enforcement, and civilians.
The 9mm’s enduring popularity stems from its proven track record and widespread availability. Its moderate recoil makes it easier to control than larger caliber rounds, while its bullet weight provides adequate stopping power for self-defense and law enforcement applications. The 9mm is also relatively inexpensive to manufacture, making it a cost-effective choice for high-volume training and practice. Its compact size allows for high-capacity magazines in pistols and submachine guns, further enhancing its appeal.
### 5.7x28mm vs 9mm: A Detailed Ballistic Comparison
Now, let’s get into the heart of the matter: the ballistic performance of the 5.7x28mm vs 9mm. We’ll compare their velocity, energy, trajectory, and penetration capabilities.
#### Velocity and Energy
One of the most significant differences between the 5.7x28mm and 9mm is their velocity. The 5.7x28mm typically achieves much higher velocities than the 9mm, often exceeding 2,000 feet per second (fps) with lighter bullets. This high velocity contributes to its flat trajectory and extended range. The 9mm, on the other hand, generally operates at velocities between 1,100 and 1,400 fps, depending on the bullet weight and load.
In terms of energy, the two cartridges are more closely matched. While the 5.7x28mm’s high velocity gives it a significant energy advantage at close ranges, the 9mm’s heavier bullet often results in comparable or even greater energy transfer at longer distances. The specific energy values will vary depending on the ammunition load, but generally, both cartridges deliver sufficient energy for self-defense and law enforcement applications.
#### Trajectory and Range
The 5.7x28mm’s high velocity translates to a flatter trajectory, meaning that the bullet drops less over distance compared to the 9mm. This makes the 5.7x28mm easier to aim at longer ranges, as the shooter doesn’t need to compensate as much for bullet drop. The 9mm’s more curved trajectory requires greater compensation, especially at distances beyond 50 yards.
The effective range of both cartridges is largely dependent on the firearm and the shooter’s skill. However, the 5.7x28mm’s flatter trajectory generally allows for greater accuracy and effectiveness at longer ranges compared to the 9mm. In practical terms, the 5.7x28mm may be effective out to 100 yards or more, while the 9mm is typically most effective within 50 yards.
#### Penetration and Armor Piercing Capabilities
The 5.7x28mm was designed with armor penetration in mind. Its small diameter, high-velocity projectile is capable of penetrating some types of soft body armor, making it a desirable choice for military and law enforcement personnel who may face armored threats. The 9mm, while not specifically designed for armor penetration, can still penetrate some types of soft body armor, especially with specialized ammunition.
The penetration capabilities of both cartridges are influenced by factors such as bullet design, construction, and velocity. Some 5.7x28mm ammunition features a steel core penetrator, further enhancing its armor-piercing capabilities. 9mm ammunition designed for penetration often uses a full metal jacket (FMJ) bullet with a hardened core.
### Recoil and Controllability: Which is Easier to Handle?
Recoil is a critical factor to consider when choosing a firearm and ammunition. Excessive recoil can make it difficult to control the firearm, reducing accuracy and increasing the time it takes to reacquire the target. In general, the 5.7x28mm produces significantly less recoil than the 9mm.
The 5.7x28mm’s lighter bullet and lower operating pressure contribute to its reduced recoil. This makes it easier to control the firearm, especially during rapid fire. The 9mm, with its heavier bullet and higher operating pressure, generates more recoil, which can be challenging for some shooters to manage, particularly in lightweight pistols.
Controllability is closely linked to recoil. A firearm with low recoil is generally easier to control, allowing for faster and more accurate follow-up shots. The 5.7x28mm’s superior controllability makes it a popular choice for shooters who prioritize speed and accuracy, while the 9mm’s greater recoil may require more training and experience to master.
### Firearm Availability and Cost: Accessibility and Affordability
Firearm availability and cost are important considerations for many shooters. The 9mm is by far the more widely available cartridge, with a vast selection of pistols, submachine guns, and even carbines chambered in 9mm. The 5.7x28mm, while growing in popularity, is still less common, with a more limited selection of firearms available.
The cost of ammunition is another significant factor. 9mm ammunition is generally much cheaper than 5.7x28mm ammunition, making it a more cost-effective choice for high-volume training and practice. The 5.7x28mm’s higher cost is due to its more specialized design and lower production volume. The price difference can be substantial, especially for shooters who regularly engage in target practice or competitive shooting.
### 5.7x28mm vs 9mm: Applications and Use Cases
Let’s examine the specific applications and use cases where each cartridge excels.
#### Self-Defense
Both the 5.7x28mm and 9mm are viable options for self-defense, but each has its own strengths and weaknesses in this role. The 9mm’s widespread availability, affordability, and proven stopping power make it a popular choice for civilian self-defense. Its heavier bullet is generally considered to be more effective at stopping threats quickly, while its manageable recoil allows for accurate follow-up shots.
The 5.7x28mm’s high velocity and flat trajectory give it an advantage at longer ranges, making it suitable for home defense or situations where longer shots may be necessary. Its lower recoil also makes it easier to control, especially for smaller or less experienced shooters. However, its higher cost and limited availability may be deterrents for some civilian users.
#### Law Enforcement and Military
The 9mm has long been the standard cartridge for law enforcement and military use, due to its versatility, effectiveness, and widespread adoption. Its stopping power and manageable recoil make it well-suited for a variety of law enforcement and military applications, from patrol duty to special operations. The 5.7x28mm has gained some traction in these sectors, particularly for specialized units that require greater range and armor-piercing capabilities.
#### Target Shooting and Competition
The 9mm is a popular choice for target shooting and competition, due to its affordability, accuracy, and wide availability of firearms and ammunition. Its moderate recoil makes it suitable for both beginners and experienced shooters, while its versatility allows it to be used in a variety of shooting disciplines.
The 5.7x28mm is less common in target shooting and competition, but it can be used effectively in certain disciplines that require longer range or greater accuracy. Its flat trajectory and low recoil can give shooters an advantage in these situations, but its higher cost may limit its appeal for high-volume shooting.
### The FN Five-seveN: A 5.7x28mm Platform
The FN Five-seveN is a semi-automatic pistol designed by FN Herstal chambered in 5.7x28mm. It is a unique pistol that was designed to work in conjunction with the FN P90 personal defense weapon. The Five-seveN is known for its lightweight polymer frame, high-capacity magazine, and low recoil. The pistol’s design allows for quick and accurate follow-up shots, making it a popular choice among law enforcement and military personnel.
* **Lightweight Polymer Frame:** Reduces overall weight and enhances comfort.
* **High-Capacity Magazine:** Allows for extended engagement without reloading.
* **Low Recoil:** Enables faster and more accurate follow-up shots.
* **Flat Trajectory:** Extends effective range and improves accuracy.
* **Armor-Piercing Capabilities:** Can penetrate some types of soft body armor.
* **Ergonomic Design:** Provides a comfortable and secure grip.
#### Key Features Explained
The lightweight polymer frame of the FN Five-seveN makes it comfortable to carry and handle, especially for extended periods. The high-capacity magazine, typically holding 20 rounds, reduces the need for frequent reloads, which can be critical in a self-defense or combat situation. The low recoil of the 5.7x28mm cartridge, combined with the pistol’s design, allows for quick and accurate follow-up shots, enhancing the shooter’s effectiveness.
The flat trajectory of the 5.7x28mm cartridge extends the pistol’s effective range and improves accuracy, making it easier to hit targets at longer distances. The armor-piercing capabilities of the 5.7x28mm cartridge, particularly when used with specialized ammunition, can penetrate some types of soft body armor, providing an advantage against armored threats. The pistol’s ergonomic design ensures a comfortable and secure grip, further enhancing control and accuracy.
### Reviews and Real-World Performance
Users of the FN Five-seveN consistently report positive experiences with its accuracy, low recoil, and high-capacity magazine. Law enforcement and military personnel often praise its ability to penetrate soft body armor, while civilian users appreciate its ease of use and comfortable ergonomics. However, some users have noted that the pistol’s higher cost and the limited availability of 5.7x28mm ammunition can be drawbacks.
#### Pros of the FN Five-seveN:
* **Exceptional Accuracy:** Delivers consistent and precise shots at various ranges.
* **Minimal Recoil:** Allows for rapid and accurate follow-up shots.
* **High-Capacity Magazine:** Reduces the need for frequent reloads.
* **Armor Penetration:** Can penetrate some types of soft body armor.
* **Ergonomic Design:** Provides a comfortable and secure grip.
#### Cons of the FN Five-seveN:
* **High Cost:** More expensive than many other pistols in its class.
* **Ammunition Cost:** 5.7x28mm ammunition is generally more expensive than 9mm.
* **Ammunition Availability:** 5.7x28mm ammunition is less widely available than 9mm.
* **Limited Aftermarket Support:** Fewer aftermarket accessories compared to more popular pistols.
#### Who is the FN Five-seveN Ideal For?
The FN Five-seveN is best suited for law enforcement and military personnel who require a pistol with greater range and armor-piercing capabilities. It is also a good choice for civilian users who prioritize accuracy, low recoil, and high-capacity magazines. However, its higher cost and the limited availability of 5.7x28mm ammunition may make it less appealing to some shooters.
#### Alternatives to the FN Five-seveN:
* **Glock 17:** A popular 9mm pistol known for its reliability and widespread availability.
* **Sig Sauer P320:** A modular 9mm pistol with a customizable grip and trigger system.
#### Expert Verdict:
The FN Five-seveN is a unique and capable pistol that offers several advantages over traditional 9mm pistols, particularly in terms of range and armor penetration. However, its higher cost and the limited availability of 5.7x28mm ammunition may make it less practical for some users. Overall, it is a solid choice for those who prioritize performance and are willing to invest in a specialized firearm.
### Q&A: Addressing Common Questions About 5.7x28mm vs 9mm
Here are some frequently asked questions about 5.7x28mm vs 9mm, addressing common concerns and providing expert insights.
1. **Is 5.7x28mm more accurate than 9mm?**
The 5.7x28mm’s flatter trajectory generally makes it easier to aim at longer ranges, potentially leading to greater accuracy in those scenarios. However, accuracy also depends on the firearm, the shooter’s skill, and the specific ammunition used. Our testing has shown that in the hands of an experienced shooter, both calibers can be incredibly accurate.
2. **Which round has more stopping power, 5.7x28mm or 9mm?**
The 9mm typically delivers more stopping power due to its heavier bullet and greater energy transfer at close ranges. While the 5.7x28mm’s high velocity can cause significant tissue damage, the 9mm’s larger bullet diameter generally results in faster incapacitation.
3. **Is 5.7x28mm a good choice for concealed carry?**
The 5.7x28mm can be used for concealed carry, but its higher cost, limited availability, and potential for over-penetration may make it less ideal than the 9mm for some users. The 9mm’s compact size and widespread availability make it a more practical choice for many concealed carry holders.
4. **Can 5.7x28mm penetrate body armor?**
Some 5.7x28mm ammunition is designed to penetrate certain types of soft body armor. The effectiveness of armor penetration depends on the specific ammunition used and the type of body armor encountered. It’s crucial to understand that no handgun round is guaranteed to defeat all types of body armor.
5. **Is 9mm ammunition cheaper than 5.7x28mm?**
Yes, 9mm ammunition is generally much cheaper than 5.7x28mm ammunition. This is due to the 9mm’s widespread availability and high production volume.
6. **Is the 5.7x28mm cartridge legal in all states?**
Laws regarding ammunition types vary by state. It’s crucial to check your local laws to ensure that the 5.7x28mm cartridge is legal in your area.
7. **What is the effective range of a 5.7x28mm pistol?**
The effective range of a 5.7x28mm pistol, such as the FN Five-seveN, can extend out to 100 yards or more, depending on the shooter’s skill and the specific ammunition used. However, the majority of self-defense scenarios occur at much closer ranges.
8. **Is the recoil of a 5.7x28mm pistol less than a 9mm pistol?**
Yes, the recoil of a 5.7x28mm pistol is generally less than that of a 9mm pistol. This makes it easier to control and allows for faster and more accurate follow-up shots.
9. **Are there any downsides to using 5.7x28mm for self-defense?**
Potential downsides to using 5.7x28mm for self-defense include its higher cost, limited availability, and potential for over-penetration. It’s important to weigh these factors against the cartridge’s advantages before making a decision.
10. **What are the best alternatives to the FN Five-seveN pistol?**
Popular alternatives to the FN Five-seveN pistol include the Glock 17, Sig Sauer P320, and other high-capacity 9mm pistols. These pistols offer similar features and performance at a lower cost and with greater ammunition availability.
### Conclusion: Making the Right Choice for Your Needs
The debate between 5.7x28mm vs 9mm is complex, with each cartridge offering unique advantages and disadvantages. The 5.7x28mm stands out for its high velocity, flat trajectory, and armor-piercing capabilities, making it a strong choice for specialized applications and users who prioritize range and penetration. The 9mm, on the other hand, excels in versatility, affordability, and stopping power, making it a popular choice for self-defense, law enforcement, and target shooting.
Ultimately, the best choice for you depends on your specific needs, priorities, and budget. Consider your intended use, the availability of firearms and ammunition, and your personal preferences when making your decision. By carefully evaluating the factors discussed in this guide, you can confidently choose the cartridge that best suits your requirements.
Now, share your experiences! What are your thoughts on the 5.7x28mm vs 9mm debate? Let us know in the comments below!
