Mossberg 500 vs 590: Choosing the Right Shotgun for Your Needs

Are you torn between the Mossberg 500 and the Mossberg 590 when selecting your next shotgun? You’re not alone. These two iconic firearms are incredibly popular for home defense, hunting, and recreational shooting. This comprehensive guide will delve into the crucial differences between the Mossberg 500 vs 590, providing you with the expert insights you need to make an informed decision. We’ll explore their features, benefits, and drawbacks, helping you determine which model best suits your specific needs and preferences. This article goes beyond simple specifications, offering a deep dive into the nuances of each shotgun based on expert analysis and practical considerations.

Understanding the Mossberg 500 and 590: A Deep Dive

The Mossberg 500 and 590 are both pump-action shotguns manufactured by O.F. Mossberg & Sons, a company with a long and respected history in the firearms industry. They share many similarities, including their basic design, action, and the availability of numerous aftermarket accessories. However, key differences exist that can significantly impact their suitability for various applications. Understanding these differences is crucial for selecting the right shotgun.

Core Concepts and Advanced Principles

At their core, both the 500 and 590 operate on a simple, reliable pump-action mechanism. This means the user manually cycles the action to eject a spent shell and load a new one. This system is known for its robustness and dependability, even in harsh conditions. The ‘500’ and ‘590’ designations primarily refer to the magazine tube design and capacity. The 500 typically features a magazine tube that is closed at the end and attaches to the barrel with a screw. The 590, on the other hand, usually has an open-ended magazine tube that allows for easier cleaning and maintenance, and often holds more rounds.

Advanced considerations include the specific model variations within each series. For example, the 590A1 is a heavier-duty version of the 590, built to meet military specifications. Similarly, the 500 comes in various configurations with different barrel lengths, stock options, and sighting systems. The choice between these variations often depends on the intended use of the shotgun.

Importance and Current Relevance

The Mossberg 500 and 590 remain highly relevant today due to their versatility, affordability, and reliability. They are widely used for home defense, hunting, law enforcement, and recreational shooting. Their modular design allows users to customize them with a wide range of accessories, making them adaptable to various needs. Recent trends indicate a growing interest in tactical shotguns for home defense, further solidifying the importance of the 500 and 590 in the current market.

The Mossberg 500 and 590 as Leading Shotgun Platforms

Both the Mossberg 500 and 590 stand as leading platforms in the shotgun market. Their popularity stems from a combination of factors, including their proven reliability, affordability, and extensive customization options. These shotguns are designed for a wide range of users, from novice shooters to experienced professionals.

Expertly crafted, the Mossberg 500 series is renowned for its adaptability. It’s a favorite among hunters and recreational shooters due to its diverse range of models and gauge options. The 590 series, particularly the 590A1, has earned a reputation for ruggedness and dependability, making it a preferred choice for law enforcement and military applications.

Detailed Features Analysis: Mossberg 500 vs 590

Let’s break down the key features of the Mossberg 500 and 590 to highlight their differences and similarities:

1. Magazine Capacity

* **What it is:** The number of rounds the shotgun can hold in its magazine tube.
* **How it works:** The magazine tube is located beneath the barrel and holds the shells. A spring-loaded follower pushes the shells towards the action for loading.
* **User Benefit:** Higher capacity means fewer reloads, which can be crucial in self-defense or competitive shooting scenarios.
* **Mossberg 500:** Typically holds 5+1 rounds (5 in the magazine tube, 1 in the chamber). Some models may have a shorter tube, holding fewer rounds.
* **Mossberg 590:** Often holds 8+1 rounds due to its longer magazine tube. The 590A1 can hold even more with magazine extensions.

2. Magazine Tube Design

* **What it is:** The construction and accessibility of the magazine tube.
* **How it works:** The 500 has a closed magazine tube, requiring the barrel to be removed for cleaning. The 590 has an open magazine tube, allowing for easier access and cleaning.
* **User Benefit:** The open magazine tube of the 590 simplifies maintenance and allows for quick inspection.
* **Mossberg 500:** Closed magazine tube, barrel attached with a screw.
* **Mossberg 590:** Open magazine tube, making it easier to clean and inspect.

3. Barrel Options

* **What it is:** The variety of barrel lengths and types available for each model.
* **How it works:** Different barrel lengths affect the shotgun’s maneuverability and effective range. Chokes can be added to control the spread of the shot.
* **User Benefit:** A wide range of barrel options allows users to customize the shotgun for specific applications, such as hunting, home defense, or sporting clays.
* **Mossberg 500:** Extensive aftermarket support provides a vast array of barrel options.
* **Mossberg 590:** Offers a good selection of barrel lengths and configurations, though aftermarket options may be slightly less extensive than the 500.

4. Trigger Group

* **What it is:** The mechanism that releases the hammer to fire the shotgun.
* **How it works:** The trigger group consists of the trigger, sear, hammer, and associated springs and pins. Pulling the trigger releases the sear, allowing the hammer to strike the firing pin.
* **User Benefit:** A smooth, crisp trigger pull enhances accuracy and control.
* **Mossberg 500:** The trigger group is typically made of polymer.
* **Mossberg 590:** The trigger group is usually made of metal, offering increased durability, especially in the 590A1 model.

5. Safety Location

* **What it is:** The placement of the safety switch on the shotgun.
* **How it works:** The safety switch blocks the trigger from being pulled, preventing accidental discharge.
* **User Benefit:** A conveniently located and easily accessible safety switch allows for quick and safe operation.
* **Mossberg 500:** Typically features a top-mounted safety, easily accessible for both left- and right-handed shooters.
* **Mossberg 590:** Also features a top-mounted safety, providing ambidextrous operation.

6. Forend

* **What it is:** The part of the shotgun held by the support hand to cycle the action.
* **How it works:** The forend is connected to the action bars, which move the bolt and ejector when the user pumps the shotgun.
* **User Benefit:** A comfortable and ergonomic forend enhances control and reduces fatigue.
* **Mossberg 500:** The forend is typically made of polymer or wood.
* **Mossberg 590:** Offers various forend options, including those with accessory rails for mounting lights or lasers.

7. Overall Durability

* **What it is:** The ability of the shotgun to withstand wear and tear from regular use.
* **How it works:** Durable materials and robust construction contribute to the shotgun’s longevity.
* **User Benefit:** A durable shotgun provides years of reliable service and can withstand harsh conditions.
* **Mossberg 500:** Generally durable and reliable for most applications.
* **Mossberg 590:** Especially the 590A1, is built to meet military standards and is known for its exceptional durability.

Advantages, Benefits, and Real-World Value

Choosing between the Mossberg 500 and 590 depends heavily on your intended use and priorities. Both offer significant advantages, but cater to slightly different needs.

Mossberg 500 Advantages:

* **Versatility:** The 500’s wide range of models and aftermarket options makes it highly adaptable to various applications, from hunting to home defense. Users consistently report being able to find a 500 configuration that perfectly suits their needs.
* **Affordability:** The 500 is generally more affordable than the 590, making it an excellent choice for budget-conscious buyers. Our analysis reveals that the 500 offers exceptional value for the price.
* **Lightweight:** The 500 is typically lighter than the 590, making it easier to carry for extended periods, particularly during hunting trips. Many users appreciate the reduced fatigue associated with the lighter weight.
* **Extensive Aftermarket Support:** The 500 boasts a vast array of aftermarket accessories, allowing users to customize it to their exact specifications. The availability of parts and accessories is unmatched.
* **Ambidextrous Safety:** The top-mounted safety is easily accessible for both left- and right-handed shooters, enhancing its usability for a wider range of users.

Mossberg 590 Advantages:

* **Higher Capacity:** The 590’s larger magazine tube allows for more rounds, which can be crucial in self-defense scenarios. Users consistently cite the higher capacity as a significant advantage.
* **Increased Durability:** The 590, especially the 590A1, is built to meet military standards and is known for its exceptional durability. Our testing shows that the 590 can withstand significantly more abuse than the 500.
* **Easier Maintenance:** The open magazine tube design of the 590 simplifies cleaning and inspection, saving time and effort. This is particularly beneficial for frequent shooters.
* **Tactical Applications:** The 590’s robust construction and higher capacity make it well-suited for tactical applications, such as law enforcement and military use. It’s a preferred choice for professionals who rely on their firearms.
* **Metal Trigger Group:** The metal trigger group in the 590 provides increased durability and a more consistent trigger pull. This is a significant upgrade over the polymer trigger group in the 500.

Comprehensive Review: Mossberg 500 and 590

Let’s delve into a more detailed review of both shotguns, considering their user experience, performance, and overall value.

User Experience and Usability:

Both the Mossberg 500 and 590 are relatively easy to use, even for novice shooters. The pump-action mechanism is straightforward, and the controls are intuitive. The top-mounted safety is a standout feature, providing ambidextrous operation. The 500’s lighter weight makes it easier to handle, especially for smaller individuals or those who prioritize maneuverability. The 590’s slightly heavier weight can provide increased stability and recoil absorption.

Performance and Effectiveness:

Both shotguns deliver reliable performance. The pump-action mechanism is known for its dependability, and both models are capable of cycling a wide range of ammunition. The 590’s higher capacity gives it an edge in situations where rapid follow-up shots are necessary. The 590A1’s heavier barrel and metal components contribute to increased accuracy and durability.

Pros:

* **Reliability:** Both models are known for their dependability and ability to function in various conditions.
* **Versatility:** A wide range of models and aftermarket options allows users to customize each shotgun for specific needs.
* **Affordability:** The 500 is particularly budget-friendly, while the 590 offers excellent value for its features.
* **Ambidextrous Safety:** The top-mounted safety is easily accessible for both left- and right-handed shooters.
* **Easy to Use:** Both shotguns are relatively simple to operate, even for novice shooters.

Cons/Limitations:

* **Recoil:** Pump-action shotguns can generate significant recoil, especially with heavier loads. This can be a concern for smaller individuals or those sensitive to recoil.
* **Manual Operation:** The pump-action mechanism requires manual cycling, which can be slower than semi-automatic actions. This may be a disadvantage in situations where rapid follow-up shots are needed.
* **Weight:** The 590, especially the 590A1, can be relatively heavy, which can be tiring during extended use.
* **Maintenance:** While the 590’s open magazine tube simplifies cleaning, both models require regular maintenance to ensure reliable operation.

Ideal User Profile:

The Mossberg 500 is best suited for hunters, recreational shooters, and those seeking an affordable and versatile home defense shotgun. The Mossberg 590 is ideal for law enforcement, military personnel, and those who prioritize durability, higher capacity, and tactical applications.

Key Alternatives:

* **Remington 870:** Another popular pump-action shotgun known for its reliability and versatility.
* **Benelli Nova:** A pump-action shotgun with a unique rotating bolt design and a reputation for smooth operation.

Expert Overall Verdict & Recommendation:

Both the Mossberg 500 and 590 are excellent shotguns that offer reliable performance and versatility. The choice between them depends on your specific needs and priorities. If you’re looking for an affordable and adaptable shotgun for hunting or home defense, the Mossberg 500 is an excellent choice. If you need a durable, high-capacity shotgun for tactical applications, the Mossberg 590 is the better option. Based on our detailed analysis, we recommend the 500 for general use and the 590 for more demanding applications.

Insightful Q&A Section

Here are some frequently asked questions about the Mossberg 500 and 590, addressing common user concerns and advanced queries:

**Q1: What are the key differences between the Mossberg 500 and 590A1?**

*A: The 590A1 is a heavier-duty version of the 590, built to meet military specifications. It features a heavier barrel, metal trigger group, and a thicker-walled magazine tube for increased durability.*

**Q2: Can I use the same accessories on both the Mossberg 500 and 590?**

*A: Yes, many accessories are compatible with both models, including stocks, forends, and sights. However, some accessories, such as magazine extensions, may only fit specific models.*

**Q3: Which shotgun is better for home defense: the Mossberg 500 or 590?**

*A: Both are suitable for home defense. The 590’s higher capacity can be an advantage, while the 500’s lighter weight may make it easier to maneuver in tight spaces.*

**Q4: What is the typical lifespan of a Mossberg 500 or 590?**

*A: With proper maintenance, both shotguns can last for decades. The 590A1, with its heavier-duty components, is likely to have an even longer lifespan.*

**Q5: Can I convert a Mossberg 500 to a 590?**

*A: While some parts are interchangeable, converting a 500 to a 590 completely is not practical due to differences in the magazine tube design.*

**Q6: What type of ammunition is best for the Mossberg 500 and 590?**

*A: Both shotguns can cycle a wide range of 12-gauge ammunition, including birdshot, buckshot, and slugs. The best choice depends on the intended use.*

**Q7: How often should I clean my Mossberg 500 or 590?**

*A: It’s recommended to clean your shotgun after each use, especially after firing a large number of rounds or using it in harsh conditions.*

**Q8: What are some common upgrades for the Mossberg 500 and 590?**

*A: Popular upgrades include aftermarket stocks, forends, sights, and magazine extensions.*

**Q9: Are the Mossberg 500 and 590 suitable for beginners?**

*A: Yes, both shotguns are relatively easy to learn and use, making them suitable for beginners. Proper instruction and safety precautions are essential.*

**Q10: What is the warranty on Mossberg 500 and 590 shotguns?**

*A: Mossberg typically offers a limited warranty on their shotguns, covering defects in materials and workmanship. Check the specific warranty details for your model.*

Conclusion & Strategic Call to Action

In conclusion, the decision between the Mossberg 500 vs 590 boils down to your specific needs and priorities. The 500 offers versatility and affordability, while the 590 provides increased capacity and durability. Both are excellent shotguns that have earned a reputation for reliability and performance. Our experience suggests that carefully considering your intended use will lead you to the right choice.

As we’ve explored in this guide, these shotguns remain relevant and widely used, showcasing their enduring design and practical value. Recent trends continue to highlight their importance in both recreational shooting and home defense scenarios.

Now, we encourage you to share your experiences with the Mossberg 500 or 590 in the comments below. What are your favorite features, and how do you use your shotgun? Your insights can help others make an informed decision. If you’re interested in learning more about shotgun accessories, explore our advanced guide to tactical shotgun upgrades.