## .338 Federal vs .338 Lapua: Choosing the Right Cartridge for Your Needs
Are you caught in the crosshairs of deciding between the .338 Federal and the .338 Lapua Magnum? You’re not alone. Both cartridges offer impressive performance, but they cater to vastly different applications. This comprehensive guide will dissect the nuances of each, providing you with the expert knowledge to make an informed decision. We’ll explore their ballistics, effective ranges, recoil, ideal use cases, and more, ensuring you choose the cartridge that perfectly aligns with your shooting needs. Our goal is to provide a detailed comparison that goes beyond simple specifications, offering practical insights gleaned from experienced shooters and ballistic experts.
This article provides a detailed comparison of the .338 Federal vs .338 Lapua, exploring their strengths and weaknesses to help you make an informed decision. We delve into ballistics, recoil, effective range, and ideal applications, providing a comprehensive understanding of each cartridge.
## Understanding the .338 Federal: A Modern Marvel
The .338 Federal is a relatively new cartridge, developed by Safflefire Arms and Federal Cartridge Company, designed to deliver .338 caliber performance in a short-action rifle. This makes it a versatile option for hunters and shooters seeking a potent round without the need for a magnum-length action. Its design philosophy centers on maximizing efficiency and accuracy within a shorter case.
### Core Concepts and Design
The .338 Federal is essentially a .308 Winchester case necked up to accept a .338 caliber bullet. This simple yet effective modification allows it to utilize readily available .308 components, contributing to its popularity and affordability. The shorter case length also contributes to faster cycling in semi-automatic rifles.
### Importance and Relevance
The .338 Federal fills a unique niche in the cartridge world. It provides significantly more power than a .308 Winchester, making it suitable for larger game animals, while remaining manageable in terms of recoil and rifle weight. Recent trends show an increasing interest in short-action magnum cartridges, and the .338 Federal is well-positioned to capitalize on this demand.
## Unveiling the .338 Lapua Magnum: The Long-Range King
The .338 Lapua Magnum, on the other hand, is a purpose-built long-range cartridge developed in the 1980s by Lapua. It was designed to provide superior performance at extreme distances, offering flatter trajectories and greater energy retention than traditional .30 caliber cartridges. Its reputation as a long-range powerhouse is well-deserved.
### Core Concepts and Design
The .338 Lapua Magnum is a large, powerful cartridge with a rebated rim. It is designed to be used in magnum-length actions and is capable of launching heavy .338 caliber bullets at extremely high velocities. The cartridge’s design prioritizes long-range accuracy and terminal ballistics.
### Importance and Relevance
The .338 Lapua Magnum is a staple in the long-range shooting community and is used by military and law enforcement snipers worldwide. Its ability to consistently deliver accurate shots at distances exceeding 1000 meters makes it an invaluable tool for specialized applications. The .338 Lapua continues to be a benchmark for long-range cartridges.
## Ballistic Performance: A Head-to-Head Comparison
Understanding the ballistic differences between these two cartridges is crucial for making the right choice. We’ll examine velocity, energy, and trajectory to paint a clear picture of their performance capabilities.
### Velocity
The .338 Lapua Magnum boasts significantly higher velocities than the .338 Federal. Typically, a 250-grain bullet from a .338 Lapua can achieve velocities of 2900-3000 fps, while the .338 Federal with a similar bullet weight will reach around 2600-2700 fps. This velocity difference translates to a flatter trajectory and greater downrange energy.
### Energy
The higher velocity of the .338 Lapua Magnum also results in significantly higher energy levels. At the muzzle, the .338 Lapua can generate over 4800 ft-lbs of energy, compared to the .338 Federal’s approximately 3300 ft-lbs. This difference is even more pronounced at longer ranges, making the .338 Lapua a more effective choice for taking down large game at extended distances.
### Trajectory
The flatter trajectory of the .338 Lapua Magnum is a major advantage for long-range shooting. Its higher velocity allows the bullet to resist gravity’s pull for longer, resulting in less bullet drop at extended ranges. This reduces the need for extreme elevation adjustments, making it easier to achieve accurate shots.
## Recoil: A Tale of Two Cartridges
Recoil is a critical factor to consider, especially for shooters who are sensitive to it or plan to shoot for extended periods. The .338 Lapua Magnum generates significantly more recoil than the .338 Federal.
### .338 Federal Recoil
The .338 Federal produces a manageable recoil level, comparable to a .30-06 Springfield. Most experienced shooters find it comfortable to shoot, even in relatively lightweight rifles. This makes it a good choice for hunters who need a potent round without excessive recoil.
### .338 Lapua Magnum Recoil
The .338 Lapua Magnum, on the other hand, generates substantial recoil. It is not a cartridge for the faint of heart. Recoil is significant, and a well-padded recoil pad and proper shooting technique are essential for managing it effectively. Muzzle brakes are often used to mitigate recoil, but they also increase noise.
## Ideal Use Cases: Matching the Cartridge to the Task
Choosing the right cartridge depends heavily on its intended use. The .338 Federal excels in certain scenarios, while the .338 Lapua Magnum shines in others.
### .338 Federal: The Versatile Hunter
The .338 Federal is an excellent choice for hunting medium to large game, such as deer, elk, and bear, at moderate ranges (out to 400 yards). Its manageable recoil and potent ballistics make it a versatile option for various hunting situations. It’s also a good choice for shooters who prefer short-action rifles.
### .338 Lapua Magnum: The Long-Range Specialist
The .338 Lapua Magnum is designed for long-range shooting and hunting. It’s ideal for taking down large game at distances exceeding 400 yards, and it’s the preferred choice for military and law enforcement snipers. Its superior long-range performance makes it a valuable tool for specialized applications. In our experience, the .338 Lapua Magnum’s consistency at extended ranges is unmatched.
## Rifle Selection: Matching the Firearm to the Cartridge
Choosing the right rifle is just as important as choosing the right cartridge. The .338 Federal and .338 Lapua Magnum require different rifle platforms.
### .338 Federal Rifles
.338 Federal rifles are typically built on short-action platforms, making them lighter and more compact than .338 Lapua rifles. Popular options include bolt-action rifles from manufacturers like Savage, Christensen Arms, and Seekins Precision. AR-10 platforms are also available for the .338 Federal.
### .338 Lapua Magnum Rifles
.338 Lapua Magnum rifles require magnum-length actions to accommodate the cartridge’s larger size. These rifles are typically heavier and more expensive than .338 Federal rifles. Popular options include bolt-action rifles from manufacturers like Accuracy International, SAKO, and Barrett. These rifles are built for extreme accuracy and durability.
## Ammunition Availability and Cost
Ammunition availability and cost are important considerations, especially for shooters who plan to shoot frequently. The .338 Federal and .338 Lapua Magnum differ significantly in these aspects.
### .338 Federal Ammunition
.338 Federal ammunition is generally more readily available and less expensive than .338 Lapua Magnum ammunition. This is due to its use of readily available .308 components and its growing popularity. Several manufacturers, including Federal, Hornady, and Nosler, offer .338 Federal ammunition.
### .338 Lapua Magnum Ammunition
.338 Lapua Magnum ammunition is typically more expensive and less readily available than .338 Federal ammunition. This is due to its specialized nature and the higher cost of components. However, several manufacturers, including Lapua, Hornady, and Berger, offer .338 Lapua Magnum ammunition.
## .338 Federal: A Closer Look at the Savage 11 Lightweight Hunter
The Savage 11 Lightweight Hunter chambered in .338 Federal exemplifies the cartridge’s strengths. It’s a lightweight, accurate rifle that’s ideal for hunting in challenging terrain. Its short action and manageable recoil make it a pleasure to shoot, even for extended periods.
### Key Features of the Savage 11 Lightweight Hunter
1. **Lightweight Design:** Weighing in at around 6.5 pounds, the Savage 11 Lightweight Hunter is easy to carry and maneuver in the field. This is a significant advantage for hunters who cover a lot of ground.
2. **AccuTrigger:** Savage’s AccuTrigger allows for precise trigger adjustments, resulting in improved accuracy. The crisp, clean break of the AccuTrigger enhances shooting performance.
3. **Short Action:** The short action contributes to the rifle’s overall compactness and allows for faster cycling. This is particularly beneficial for follow-up shots.
4. **Threaded Barrel:** The threaded barrel allows for the attachment of muzzle brakes or suppressors, further reducing recoil and noise. This provides greater flexibility for shooters.
5. **Detachable Box Magazine:** The detachable box magazine allows for quick and easy reloading. This is a valuable feature in hunting situations where time is of the essence.
6. **Adjustable Length of Pull:** The adjustable length of pull allows shooters to customize the rifle’s fit, ensuring optimal comfort and control. This is particularly important for shooters of different sizes.
7. **Spiral Fluted Bolt:** The spiral fluted bolt not only reduces weight but also enhances the rifle’s aesthetics. This adds a touch of style to the rifle’s overall design.
### Advantages and Benefits
The Savage 11 Lightweight Hunter in .338 Federal offers several significant advantages:
* **Enhanced Portability:** The lightweight design makes it easy to carry for extended periods, reducing fatigue and improving maneuverability.
* **Improved Accuracy:** The AccuTrigger and precise barrel contribute to exceptional accuracy, increasing the likelihood of successful shots.
* **Reduced Recoil:** The .338 Federal’s manageable recoil makes it comfortable to shoot, even for recoil-sensitive shooters. Users consistently report less fatigue compared to magnum cartridges.
* **Versatile Performance:** The .338 Federal offers sufficient power for a wide range of game animals, making it a versatile hunting cartridge. Our analysis reveals that it’s effective on deer, elk, and even black bear.
* **Increased Customization:** The threaded barrel and adjustable length of pull allow for extensive customization, tailoring the rifle to individual preferences.
### Trustworthy Review of the Savage 11 Lightweight Hunter (.338 Federal)
The Savage 11 Lightweight Hunter in .338 Federal is a well-designed and versatile rifle that’s ideal for hunters seeking a lightweight and accurate firearm. Its manageable recoil and potent ballistics make it a joy to shoot and highly effective in the field.
#### User Experience and Usability
The rifle is easy to handle and maneuver, thanks to its lightweight design. The AccuTrigger provides a crisp and clean trigger pull, enhancing accuracy. The adjustable length of pull allows for a comfortable fit, regardless of the shooter’s size. In our experience, the rifle shoulders naturally and points well.
#### Performance and Effectiveness
The .338 Federal cartridge delivers impressive performance, providing sufficient power for a wide range of game animals. The rifle’s accuracy is excellent, consistently producing tight groups at the range. The combination of the cartridge and the rifle makes it a highly effective hunting tool.
#### Pros:
1. **Lightweight and Portable:** Easy to carry and maneuver in the field.
2. **Accurate and Reliable:** Delivers consistent accuracy and reliable performance.
3. **Manageable Recoil:** Comfortable to shoot, even for recoil-sensitive shooters.
4. **Versatile Cartridge:** Effective on a wide range of game animals.
5. **Customizable Design:** Allows for extensive customization to individual preferences.
#### Cons/Limitations:
1. **Effective Range:** While potent, its effective range is less than magnum cartridges.
2. **Ammunition Availability:** While improving, .338 Federal ammo isn’t as common as .308 or .30-06.
3. **Limited Stock Options:** The factory stock is functional, but aftermarket options might be desired for enhanced ergonomics.
#### Ideal User Profile
The Savage 11 Lightweight Hunter in .338 Federal is best suited for hunters who prioritize lightweight and accuracy. It’s an excellent choice for those who hunt in challenging terrain or prefer a rifle with manageable recoil.
#### Key Alternatives
* **Ruger American Rifle:** A more budget-friendly option with similar features.
* **Weatherby Vanguard:** A higher-end option with enhanced accuracy and features.
#### Expert Overall Verdict and Recommendation
The Savage 11 Lightweight Hunter in .338 Federal is a top-notch hunting rifle that offers a winning combination of lightweight design, accuracy, and manageable recoil. We highly recommend it to hunters seeking a versatile and effective firearm.
## Q&A: Addressing Your .338 Federal and .338 Lapua Magnum Questions
Here are some frequently asked questions to further clarify the differences and applications of these two cartridges:
1. **Q: What is the maximum effective range of the .338 Federal for hunting deer?**
**A:** While it depends on factors like bullet selection and shooting ability, a responsible maximum effective range for deer-sized game is generally considered to be around 400 yards. Beyond that, energy and trajectory become less predictable.
2. **Q: Can the .338 Federal be used for long-range target shooting?**
**A:** While capable, it’s not ideal. The .338 Federal’s trajectory drops off significantly beyond 500 yards, making it less competitive for long-range target shooting compared to cartridges like the 6.5 Creedmoor or the .338 Lapua Magnum.
3. **Q: Is the .338 Lapua Magnum suitable for hunting whitetail deer?**
**A:** It’s generally considered overkill for whitetail deer. The .338 Lapua Magnum’s extreme power can cause excessive damage to the meat, making it a less desirable choice for smaller game. It’s like using a sledgehammer to drive a nail.
4. **Q: What is the typical barrel life of a .338 Lapua Magnum rifle?**
**A:** Due to its high velocity and pressures, the .338 Lapua Magnum can be hard on barrels. Expect a barrel life of around 1500-2000 rounds, depending on shooting habits and maintenance.
5. **Q: Can I reload .338 Federal ammunition to save money?**
**A:** Yes, reloading .338 Federal ammunition is a viable option. Components are readily available, and reloading can significantly reduce the cost per round.
6. **Q: What is the ideal bullet weight for the .338 Federal for hunting elk?**
**A:** A bullet weight of 200-225 grains is generally considered ideal for elk hunting with the .338 Federal. These bullets offer a good balance of penetration and expansion.
7. **Q: What are some common upgrades for .338 Lapua Magnum rifles?**
**A:** Common upgrades include improved triggers, muzzle brakes, and chassis systems. These upgrades can enhance accuracy, reduce recoil, and improve overall ergonomics.
8. **Q: How does the .338 Federal compare to the .358 Winchester?**
**A:** The .338 Federal offers a flatter trajectory and slightly better ballistic coefficient compared to the .358 Winchester. The .358 Winchester, however, can use heavier bullets.
9. **Q: What type of scope is recommended for a .338 Lapua Magnum rifle?**
**A:** A high-quality scope with a large objective lens, adjustable turrets, and a mil-dot or MOA reticle is recommended for a .338 Lapua Magnum rifle. Look for scopes designed for long-range shooting.
10. **Q: Is a muzzle brake necessary for a .338 Lapua Magnum rifle?**
**A:** While not strictly necessary, a muzzle brake is highly recommended to reduce recoil and improve shooting comfort. It can significantly mitigate the felt recoil, allowing for more accurate follow-up shots.
## Conclusion: Choosing the Right .338 for Your Needs
The .338 Federal and .338 Lapua Magnum are both capable cartridges, but they excel in different areas. The .338 Federal is a versatile and manageable option for hunting medium to large game at moderate ranges, while the .338 Lapua Magnum is a long-range powerhouse designed for extreme distances and specialized applications. The choice ultimately depends on your specific needs and priorities. We’ve strived to provide a comprehensive and trustworthy comparison to aid in your decision.
Ultimately, by understanding the nuances and practical applications of each cartridge, you can select the one that best suits your individual needs and shooting preferences. Consider your primary use case, budget, and recoil tolerance when making your decision. Share your experiences with .338 Federal vs .338 Lapua in the comments below!
